Ethical Issue in Pharmacy

The ethical duty of a pharmacy is to promote a patient’s best interest. However, certain obvious ethical issues will arise. Within any business involved in bulk purchasing the issue of unconscious theft will also occur. The following paper focuses on the application of ethical theories that supports as well as argues the behavior within Chaguanas Drug Mart. Chaguanas Drug Mart was established in 2008 and is no ordinary pharmacy since it provides more than your medical needs such as beautiful unusual gifts. The store stocks a range of alternative products, including pet care items, comfort food, household appliances, paper products, diabetic foods and a cosmetic counter. It is located on 10 Chaguanas Main Road which is a central location that conveniently attracts customers. Chaguanas Drug Mart believes its greatest asset is loyal, hard-working people who cooperate in a spirit of teamwork to help the company grow and prosper. Ethics involves identifying, differentiating, and defending concepts of right and wrong. The following paper focuses on [1]ethical dilemmas which are also called an ethical paradox within a pharmaceutical business by focusing on the relationship between law and ethics and applying the key ethical theories which derive from normative ethical systems which are broken down into four categories which are deontological, teleological, utilitarianism and relativism. Dilemma 1- Pharmacy technicians’ and floor employees access to controlled substances The drugs prescribed by a qualified medical professional are known as prescription drugs. The explosion of prescribing and consuming legal narcotics and controlled drugs is known as drug diversion which has become an ethical dilemma within the pharmaceutical industry. Within Chaguanas Drug Mart, taking prescription drugs without the necessary doctor’s prescription has become a justifiable norm. However, whether it is obtained initially for a legitimate medical purpose, there are ethical implications. According to Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) deontological or duty-based ethics had an interesting theory that places special emphasis on the relationship between duty and the morality of human actions. This ethical theory is applied to the issue of filling prescriptions for narcotic analgesics or pain relievers; benzodiazepines or therapeutic tranquilizers; stimulants; and barbiturates or sedatives by the technicians within Chaguanas Drug Mart as unlawful. It is stated that prescription drug diversion involves the unlawful channelling of regulated pharmaceuticals from legal sources to the illicit marketplace, which according to the Kantian rule under categorical imperative human beings occupy a special place in creation, and morality can be summed up in one ultimate commandment of reason, or imperative, from which all duties and obligations derive such as a prescription drug may only be sold by a pharmacist when authorised by a written prescription from a medical practitioner. Pharmacist believe they are serving man kind by issuing life-saving drugs and ensuring that people who need their products have access to them and consequentialism supports this belief. Consequentialists are the view that normative properties depend only on consequences. Therefore an ethical analysis is only worthwhile if it ultimately leads to action and is simply a basis for making individual decisions, where the bottom line is â€Å"to each his own. Jeremy Bentham (1789), John Stuart Mill (1861), and Henry Sidgwick (1907) indicate Act Consequentialism is the claim that an act is morally right if and only if that act maximizes the good, that is, if and only if the total amount of good for all minus the total amount of bad for all is greater than this net amount for any incompatible act available to the agent on that occasion. The issuing of prescription drugs without the doctor’s permission is a good that has outweighed the risks since most patients cannot afford another vi sit or are still experiencing pain after the prescription has â€Å"run out†. Many customers are relatives or friends of the workers and are aware that the drugs are the only source to relief but do not go to the doctor for the necessary documents since there is easy access to the items such as antibiotics. Those who work in the medical field know that protecting patient safety is the ultimate ethical principle; therefore the argument is twofold where technicians face many ethical dilemmas because the total amount of good minuses the total the amount of bad however Kantian argues that the wrong thing regardless of how justifiable is till the wrong thing. The ethical dilemma is resolved however by placing inventory checks on all prescription drugs within the business which will manage the supply and movement of stock/Inventory. Although this may not completely solve the current issue, it will certainly limit the level of diversion. Dilemma 2- Employee monitoring in the work environment Employee monitoring has emerged as a necessity and is the act of watching and monitoring employees’ actions during working hours using employer equipment/property (Raposa & Mujtaba, 2003). Within the company, employees have disregarded the term staff discount by practicing in unethical behaviour which encompasses stealing the drugstore supplies as well as time theft. Although time theft can be a more subtle form of unethical behaviour, according to Aristotle’s perspective in applying moral absolutism to this dilemma, it is seen that any way you look at it, taking something that doesn’t belong to you is stealing. Moral absolutism is the ethical view that certain actions are absolutely right or wrong, regardless of other contexts such as their consequences or the intentions behind them which is also supported by Immanuel Kant’s deontology. Kant's argument that to act in the morally right way, one must act from duty begins with an argument that the highest good must be intrinsically good. However, moral absolutism can be debated with relativism which is subjective and includes concepts such as utilitarianism and idealism. Utilitarianism can be applied since it is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its outcome. Mill's (1806-1873) rule utilitarianism is much more relative in that he encourages people to do acts that are pleasurable to themselves as long as they are what he calls a â€Å"higher pleasure†. Moral Absolutism versus utilitarianism is two extreme ethical approaches to reality. While they are both valid and supported by facts, they are very contrasting in their views with regards to employee monitoring in the work environment. Most employees consider themselves a paragon of virtues – loyal, hard working and honest, however even minor pilfering from the office amounts to stealing and has become the norm, not the exception at Chaguanas Drug Mart. Most employee theft is as a result of an employee being dissatisfied with the job or circumstances within the job and this ethical dilemma could be resolved by speaking with the employees to gain awareness of job satisfaction and how to make the job more rewarding. Many companies, because of lack of controls and a casual attitude toward employee theft, provide an inviting opportunity for an employee who has a tendency to steal. In many cases, employees, provided with a wealth of opportunities to steal, consider company property as their own. Although (Murphy, 1993) indicated that The propensity for employees to steal seems to be related to the individual's need, opportunity, skills, and attitude toward committing an illegal act, a study performed by Deloitte & Touche USA Ethics & Workplace (2007) showed there is a strong relationship between ethics and work-life balance. In fact 91 percent of respondents stated they believe â€Å"workers are more likely to behave ethically at work when they have a work-life balance. † The moral development of individuals (Greenberg, 2002) concerning ethical maturity to choose right from wrong in ethical dilemmas was found to be inversely related to theft. Research on employee deviant behaviour has shown that workers model their behaviours on those of their co-workers or work group members (Robinson & O'Leary-Kelly 1998), and the ethical concepts applied the importance of employer to employee communication to instil what is wrong even though it may appear to be morally right as in the case of issuing prescription drugs without a prescription which is justifiable as doing the right thing. Since employee theft is a critical problem in many organizations (Murphy, 1993), any additional understanding of its causes and correlates assists in taking action to decrease theft rates.

Lady Macbeth: the Slayer of King Duncan

Lady Macbeth: The slayer of King Duncan In the 7th grade I was suspended from school for being an â€Å"instigator. † I would cause disputes by persuading individuals who didn’t like one another, to hate one another. I’d gradually use my dynamic lingo to provoke the victims in the so called scuffle to get to that final step where they’d lose it and fight. I got what I wanted by manipulating the ones who were vulnerable and unsure what to do when placed in a troubling situation. Understanding the consequences, I received the same punishment as if I was in the fight myself.That same exact concept could be used to express how Lady Macbeth is more responsible for slaying King Duncan herself. Throughout the story the audience notices how manipulative and depraved Lady Macbeth can be. She has such a huge impact on how Macbeth thinks and on the actions he makes. Just like any other committed wife, she wants the best for her husband. She wants him to chase his glo rious ambition, but fears he may not have enough determination to carry out the devious act in order to become the new â€Å"King of Scotland. † We soon learn that Lady Macbeth will do anything he assist her husband in achieving this glorious ambition.On page 311-312, Act 1, Scene 5, Lines 10-15: Lady Macbeth states, â€Å"That which cries, thus thou must do,† if thou have it, and that which rather thou dost fear to do, than wishest should be undone. Hie thee hither, that I may pour my spirits in thine ear and chastise with the valor of my tongue all that impedes thee from the golden round, which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem to have thee crowned withal. † This reveals the first step in Lady Macbeth’s plot to slay King Duncan, which is confirming her own opinion on the letter placed before her eyes.These lines allow the audience to visualize who she is as a person and also allows the audience to make a prediction on what move she will make next. Afte r she prays to the spirits to take the feminine features out of her, so she could be a stern and heartless human being, Macbeth returns. This is the exact moment when she begins her act. On page 314, Act 1, Scene 5, Lines 63-65: Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"Only look up clear, To alter favor ever is to fear, Leave all the rest to me,† which basically declares that Lady Macbeth is entirely aware and up to date on what’s going on.She assertively enlightens Macbeth on how to disguise himself of his uncertainty and second thoughts about killing the king and is willing to accommodate Macbeth with anything else he needs assistance with. The second step in her scheme is now in the process of being complete. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are reunited and now Lady Macbeth is preparing her husband mentally to perform the assassination by giving him confidence and tips on how to remain unexposed to suspicion. However, later in Act 1 it is clear that Macbeth didn’t take the advice p rovided by Lady Macbeth earlier in Scene 5.On pg. 316, Act 1, Scene 7, Lines 31-35: Macbeth adds, â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business he hath honored me of late, and I have bought Golden opinions from all sorts of people, which would be worn now in their newest gloss not cast aside so soon. † Macbeth has decided he will no longer continue with this atrocious plot to murder King Duncan. It could over been over right there. King Duncan could have finished his meal, slept in peace and harmony, and returned home in the morning. Finally, Lady Macbeth slays King Duncan.After Macbeth claims that he will not go through with this dirty business any longer, Lady Macbeth ups her game. Lady Macbeth replies with, â€Å"When Duncan is asleep—Whereto the rather shall his day’s hard journey Soundly invite him—his two chamberlains Will I with wine and wassail so convince that memory, the warder of the brain, shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason A limb eck only: when in swinish sleep Their drenched natures lie as in a death, what cannot you and I perform upon The unguarded Duncan?What not put upon his spongy officers, who shall bear the guilt of our great quell? † She improvises and takes matters a step further. Not only did she provide a new and improved plan to her husband, but assured him that going through with this to strive for his ambition will bring him and herself promising awards. At the end of the act, Macbeth is certain that he will carry out with murdering King Duncan due to the dynamic lingo of Lady Macbeth. In conclusion, an instigator is someone who deliberately foments trouble.Throughout the story the audience can confirm that Lady Macbeth was in fact more responsible for the murder of King Duncan. Her plan of attack contained the three steps which were establishing an opinion, preparing the victim mentally (Macbeth), and providing a plan for execution of the task. Each of these steps contributed to the sati sfaction of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s dreams and desires (Lady Macbeth’s intention from the beginning). Lady Macbeth is an instigator and more responsible for slaying King Duncan the Macbeth is.

Applied Principles for Responsible Business Practice

Human resource management is used to describe the management of the people within an organization. There are various responsibilities that fall under the human resource management , which creates an efficient workforce environment for the organization. Human resource management is a â€Å"resource† centred phenomenon that deals in monitoring, planning and control of the people associate with the organization (Punch,   2013). In this report, we analyse the Australia and New Zealand banking group (ANZ), which is the fourth largest banking in Australia and the largest bank in New Zealand. The human resource management program of the ANZ bank would be conducted in the report, with more stress on the labour practices and the approaches towards the social responsibility of the company. The report analyses various steps that are taken by the organization, and thereby helps the organization in achieving the goals of the organization of achieving an ethical framework. ANZ bank believes in the natural strengths of a vivacious, diverse and comprehensive team   where the background, aim and experiences of a particular person helps the organization to form a stable relationship with the customers of the company. it helps in making better decisions for the business. the labour practices of the ANZ organization can be divided s follows : Values – ANZ values ensures â€Å"doing the right things well† (Chien, 2012). Their values describe the position of the organization which implements the ideas of not willing to compromise in any situation with the customers, shareholders, community and with each other. Along with the code of conduct and ethics, the company helps in organizing the value guide that helps in taking efficient decisions. Their values are to do what is right, to connect and work in unity in order to fulfil the wants of the customers, to make their actions useful enough , value every choice and respect the customers and each other and to give their best at work . Approach to human rights – ANZ performs various approaches that guides the methods of treating its employees, promote culture and respect to the customers and suppliers ,and contributing the communities in which is persists (Executive Strategies | ANZ. (2016). They sign a mandatory un global compact that initiates the guidelines for the ethical conduct towards its employees. They have generated their standards available for the employees in five different languages. Diversity and inclusion – ANZ has maintained a diverse environment at workplace by following various approaches towards the employees. Numerous policies and plans are initiated in order to uplift the welfare of its employees such as   employment opportunity, plans against harassment and bullying, flexible working, accommodation for the staffs, parenting ,eldercare and childcare facilities. Various approaches have also been initiated dealing with discouraging gender bias at workforce, promoting cultural diversity , increasing accessibility and flexibility towards the workers (David & David 2016). It aims at providing all the facilities to its employees that would raise the productivity of each labour. Health and safety policies – ANZ provides its labour with various health, safety, security and wellbeing policies   that would help the labours of the organization. They have implemented a health and safety management system (HSMS) to identify and formulate the wellbeing of the employees, customers, contractors and visitors ad members of the organization. A special employee assistance problem has been initiated by ANZ bank which deals with a confidential counselling service providing professional guidance and support to the labours. A risk accreditation framework has been formed as a part of ANZ essentials that helps the labours to identify their specific roles and requirements for training. Training and development – ANZ has   a team of highly respecting banking professionals that aims at fostering the labour for longer term and a culture of continuous and self directed learning. They offer their labours with various formal and informal ways to learn ,develop and grow. They are in collaboration with some leading training institutes that help the organization in training their labour for producing quality efficient work. ANZ provides their labour with high opportunities to develop in their career (Oke ,2016). Employee relations – ANZ bank provides its employees with the work environment that encourage the employees to express their ideas, opinions and concerns towards the organization. They motivate their employees to participate in the policies and proposals of the bank which initiates a long term success of the company. The company conduct an annual employment engagement survey that is reported to the management board of the bank. They provide their employees with the freedom   to get associated with the decisions to be taken by the company (Jones,   McEvoy   & Barrett 2016). These commitments of the company are formulated by the freedom of association policy. ANZ aims at treating its employees with dignity and respect. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) have dedicated themselves in supervising the environmental impacts of their activities   Ã‚  and social responsibilities that would reduce both environmental impacts and costs incurred by the organization (Brammer, Jackson & Matten 2012).   In order to pertain an ideal situation towards its approach to social responsibility, ANZ has attempted to undertake various measures that would help the bank to achieve their target. The approaches could be listed as follows : Responsible business lending – the bank finances many social and environmental sensitive companies . The organization help their customers by providing them with aid in order to overcome their difficulties , minimise and manage their impacts. As stated by Mondy, & Martocchio (2016), the organization focuses on making balanced decisions that are fully informed, in order to help their customers to improve the management of environment, society, and governance risks. They have developed a number of processes such as social and environmental screening tool, reputation risk radar, early alert review committee and reputation risk committee. Climate change – ANZ is implementing   various plans n meeting the social, environmental and economic challenges posted by climate change. The organization has stated that they aim in   fulfilling the international agreement to limit the average global temperature , to not more than 2 °c  .   They have submitted a recent statement to the Australian parliamentary inquiry, which states the framework dealing with consistent information regarding the matters of carbon risk reporting. They have formed a carbon working group in acquisition with three other Australian banks (Murray, Davis,   Hewson   & McNamee, 2014). Managing footprints – the organization aims at reducing the environmental impact of the operations carried out by the bank, by formulating innovation and efficiency. There are some major environmental impacts that are as a result of the growth of digital banking services, which uses an expanded technological infrastructure (Mathis, et al., 2016).   The bank develops solutions in order to reduce these environmental impacts along with the view of reducing the costs. They have implemented various plans that designs sustainable branches and thereby reduces the need of natural resources (Hendry 2012). Supply chain -    ANZ bank is currently operating in 34 markets that utilises an extensive supply chain. As the bank knows, that their activities are directed towards having a social and environmental impact, and that their stakeholders expects to be managed accurately, the bank has formulated some approaches accordingly. They have a group sourcing policy to undermine the behaviour of everyone thereby ensuring a fairer and safe   conduct. A sustainability guidelines list is maintained for the bank in specific categories of the it sector, motor vehicle ease , legal services, print services and corporate wardrobe. ANZ has an extensive supplier code of practise (SCOP), which sets out various expectations of the suppliers (Stockport , et al., 2012). Energy and carbon emission – ANZ keeps a check on the performance of their 34 markets by operating through an online environmental reporting system.   They conduct video conferencing   other techniques in order to educate its employees regarding the   efficient consumption   of energy consumption. They meet the requirements of national greenhouse and energy reporting act 2007 and thereby helps to sustain the environment.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The code of conduct and ethics, helps in organizing the value guide that helps in taking efficient decisions for the company  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company sign a mandatory un global compact that initiates the guidelines for the ethical conduct towards its employees  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Numerous policies and plans are initiated such as   employment opportunity, plans against harassment and bullying, flexible working, accommodation for the staffs, parenting ,eldercare and childcare facilities.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They have implemented a Health and Safety Management System (HSMS) to identify and formulate the wellbeing of the employees, customers, contractors and visitors ad members of the organization.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They are in collaboration with some leading training institutes that help the organization in training their labour for producing quality efficient work  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They have implemented a health and safety management system (HSMS) to identify and formulate the wellbeing of the employees, customers, contractors and visitors ad members of the organization.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They provide their employees with the freedom   to get associated with the decisions to be taken by the company.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The organization help their customers by providing them with aid in order to overcome their difficulties , minimise and manage their impacts.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The organization has stated that they aim in   fulfilling the international agreement to limit the average global temperature , to not more than 2 °C  .  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The bank develops solutions in order to reduce these environmental impacts along with the view of reducing the costs.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They have a group sourcing policy to undermine the behaviour of everyone thereby ensuring a fairer and safe   conduct. A sustainability guidelines list is maintained for the bank in specific categories of the IT sector, motor vehicle ease , legal services, print services and corporate wardrobe.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ANZ keeps a check on the performance of their 34 markets by operating through an online environmental reporting system.    ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Company practices off shoring, that involves shifting of the business from one country to another.Weaknesses  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The bank has no job security schemes for its employees, hence it results in firing its workers without any notice.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Less funding for the training program.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More optimization for   social benefits and include development strategies.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Supplier need to see that the public image of ANZ has not   been tarnished.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Delay in formulating the plan of carbon emission.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Environmental effects are more than the remedies installed. Human resource management provides the company with the scope of analysing a responsible environment   around the workplace. With the detail analyses conducted over the labour practices and approaches towards the social responsibility of Australia and New Zealand banking group . Information regarding the various approaches proposed and perceived by the company has been discussed, that provides a clear view of what are the strengths and weaknesses of the organization with regard to the two elements of the human resource management. Brammer, S., Jackson, G., & Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.  Socio-Economic Review,  10(1), 3-28. Chien, I. L. C. (2012). A Study of Foreign Bank Acquisition Strategy-The Case of ANZ Bank. David, F., & David, F. R. (2016). Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Executive Strategies | ANZ. (2016). Anz.com. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.anz.com/corporate/markets/structured-investments/executive-strategies/ Hendry, C. (2012).  Human resource management. Routledge. Jones, T., McEvoy, D., & Barrett, G. (2016). 5 Labour intensive practices in the.  Employment, the Small Firm and the Labour Market, 172. Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H., Valentine, S. R., & Meglich, P. (2016).  Human resource management. Nelson Education. Mondy, R., & Martocchio, J. J. (2016). Human resource management.  Human Resource Management, Global Edition. Murray, D., Davis, K., Hewson, C., & McNamee, B. (2014). Financial System Inquiry.  Final Report. Canberra, The Treasury of the Commonwealth of Australia. Oke, L. (2016). Human Resources Management.  International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ ISSN 2356-5926,  1(4), 376-387. Punch, K. F. (2013).  Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Sage. Stockport, G. J., Godley, M., Guagliado, D., Leung, O., Mercer, B., Varma, G., & Wong, S. (2012). ANZ Bank: Building a strategy for Asia.  South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases,  1(1), 31-41.

Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Popular Culture - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  the role of culture is to struggle and win consent of the players by the civil society. The popular culture acts as a source of pleasure and the human desire will make us always seek for it. The mediums such as books have enhanced this. For example the American youths girls read romance books and get different experience and behaviours.They find sources of encouragement, strength and pleasures that change their ideologies and reasoning. Therefore, the culture that emanates from the reading the romance books brings contradictory effects that enable the youths enter into uncouth and unacceptable behaviors.  This discussion highlights that  the youth have a role to create popular culture while engaging cultural citizenship. Ordinarily, the cultural practices have power to create social change and alter the social condition and foundations of people’s lives. Instead of the youths accepting the education they are refusing to school because of the structures that are in place. The challenge in social formation and the quest for democracy and freedom by the youths makes them to resist institution of schooling only to look for jobs so as to be in working class. They therefore follow their parents into manual labor jobs so as to earn a living.  For the youths to be effective in popular culture, cultural citizenship and radical democracy, they should take part in public sphere and politics for they would be practicing cultural citizenship.

Statuses and roles correspond (Sociology) Research Paper

Statuses and roles correspond (Sociology) - Research Paper Example Status is important since along with it are the different set of rights, obligations and roles of an individual is defined. While ascribed status is more of an association with your family and your group, race or economic standing, achieved status is more of an effort of the individual and is more fluid and changes over time. My own status as a middle-class individual or part of the common people is associated with my financial standing in the society. Living in a foreign land, my status as a foreigner gives me a reputation that I am not one of the people in this land and that I may seem different. Though through time, I have gained the status as a student and a manicurist, the roles and responsibilities assigned to be are limited by my ascribed status. Being a student also limits my roles, responsibilities and opportunities since I have yet to go up the status ladder. I believe that my master status right now is being a foreigner in this land, being a different nationality and being an employed student. The ascribed and achieved status that I have been assigned to is how the society sees me and in turn, the status I am in is how the society expects me to act and work with the flow of the

Performance Management for Human Resources Essay

Performance Management for Human Resources - Essay Example The task involved three people playing the role of HR staffs and three people playing the role of employees. The staffs were initially trained to fold two patterns in paper - a pop gun and a shuriken. The trained staffs were then instructed to teach and coach the employee-trainees, one on one. Each coaching staff was to teach one employee-trainee regarding the proper folding of papers to produce the two patterns. During the class presentation, the trained audiences show their learning by performing the task requirement. The performance of each employee was then assessed with regards to quality of work and time consumed through a 360-degree approach. After the presentation, the three audiences and three staffs were given feedback forms to evaluate the performance of one another. An effective performance management for human resource defines the goals and objectives of the program. Management by objectives, or MBO, is employed in most performance management systems where a set of goals or deliverables are put together (Drucker, 1986). The goal of the class task is to evaluate and improve the performance outcomes of each staff and each member. Goal-setting draws employee into the performance management process and gives them a blueprint for improving performance. The class presentation is a simple task that involved folding two patterns of paper. The task specified key requirements which are folding a pattern of a pop gun and a shuriken. The pop gun served as a standard measurement of performance while the shuriken served as a bonus. Defining the job requirements would guide the audience on the tasks and on the assessment criteria on how their performance will be measured. The class task had demonstrated clear job descriptions and responsibilities. The manner of training employed utilises the coaching approach. The trained staffs served as coaches for the audience. In order to maximise the learning of the audience, the number of coaching staff employed were with the same number of audience to be trained. Coaching is a way of learning that is highly personal, flexible and individualised. The approach enhances and develops the performance of individuals. Coaching is a direct means of increasing the competency of the trainee. (Caplan, 2003) The performance appraisal of the tasks is directed with three objectives. First is to establish a systematic way of evaluating performance. Second is to provide constructive feedback. And third is to enable the audience to improve their job performance. (Messmer, 2007) With regards to the class task, it has established a systematic way of evaluating the performance of the audience through minimum criteria for evaluations of performance. The performance outcomes of each audience or employee are evaluated using defined criteria. The criteria include following the folding instructions correctly; folding done neatly; testing the finish product; and measuring the time to finish. The criteria such as following instructions, quality of folding and testing of finish product were evaluated by the staffs using a performance protocol; whether it were performed good, moderate or poor. Time consumption standards were established beforehand. The standard time for creating the pop gun pattern was 2mins and 15secs. The standard time that would be consumed for making the shuriken pattern was 4mins and 50secs. Assessment of

The Labeling Theory and The Cultural Deviance Theory Assignment

The Labeling Theory and The Cultural Deviance Theory - Assignment Example In response to question 4, labeling theory is chosen as the most appropriate theory to account for the case. Labeling and the Cultural Deviancy theories Introduction It could be argued that criminal activities are common in every society across the world. Furthermore, has been argued that criminal activities have existed as along as man and societies have contented and grappled with addressing them. However, what has been of great concern is the evolution and surge of criminal activities. In the attempts of addressing crimes, criminologists have sought to understand the causes and proposed an array of theories, including the labeling theory and the legitimate crime causation theory. This paper answers some pertinent questions in regard to the two theories. Response to question 1 The proponents of the labeling theory are concerned that the labels that are placed on the offenders through the justice systems. Such labels function to worsen the behaviors of the inmates because the labels function to aggravate the behaviors that need to be stopped. In the long run, this constrains recovery form criminal behaviors. The proponents are concerned that the criminal justice system has not only failed to stop criminal behaviors, but it is also functioning to reinforce the very criminal behaviors (Gabbidon & Greene, 2013). An alternative theory that could be utilized to avoid stereotyping within the criminal justice system is the cultural deviancy theory. The cultural deviance theory posits that the cause of the criminal behaviors in the urban areas can be hardly attributed to poverty, but to a distinct lower-class culture, which is mainly concerned about the societal norms. The social deviancy theory is based on the conflict perspective, thus perceives cultural deviancy as a condition that is normal that crime is simply a concept of conflicts within classes (Bereska, 2011). The theory posits that the lower class category contains its values, goals and ideals that significa ntly differ from those of other classes. As the individuals within the lower classes conform to these practices on the course of day life routine, they also interact with people from other classes. Their behaviors overlap and conflict and the lower-class group suffer the implication of being considered socially deviant. This theory also follows the account that as people conform to the values within the class, they may even impart the values to the subsequent generation. This theory acknowledges the basis of nature versus nurture, wherein the behaviors of persons are nurtured by the intervening social environment. Thus, cultural deviance theory is that which approaches crimes from the sociological perspectives. Cultural deviance theory does not present criminals as immoral and sinful people, and describes crimes based in the examination of race, social circle, levels of education and income, culture, among other social aspects and this makes it particularly suited to limit stereotyp ing within the criminal justice systems. Then the only weakness this approach is that it tends to justify crimes as unintentional. Response to Part 2 In my view, labeling is a legitimate crime causation theory on various accounts. According to the

A Good Fall by Ha Jin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Good Fall by Ha Jin - Essay Example The characters I this book seem to have lost all hope and to find accommodation in this new country becomes a struggle not with the American society but with the self. The characters manifest a sense of restriction and they seem to be in exile not only from chine their homeland filled with sweet memories and dreams, but from who they really are. This paper primarily offers a contrast between the lives of two characters in the book, the freedoms and imprisonment that they are encountered with. This story depicts the experience of a Chinese student immigrant who live in the United States and receives a call from his former much admired-professor who plans to visit the United States with a delegation of educators. The professor and student visit an American scholar and the professor is proud to have outshone the American scholar. Due to this happening, the Chinese professor decides to stay in America illegally and he is imprisoned they the thought that any human being should be allowed to live free as a bird, uncontrolled by any man-made orders. He starts earning a living as a bus boy and when he is tracked down the professor runs away and opts for a life devoid of the world. A simple visit to the United States by the professor had turned into a spy mission that resulted to the professor to defect and refuse to return home. He believes that any individual should be buried anywhere they die (Ha 58). This story brings forward the â€Å"wartime couple† this are two immigrants living together in the United States, though not a genuine couple, they help each other with not only their financial burdens, but also to ease each other’s loneliness. This so comfortable arrangement is disrupted by the arrival of their respective spouses, this incident not only leads to their separation, but also leads to a break up with their cultures as Panbin declares to never date another Chinese woman in his life. This shows a move away from the

Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Rocky University Essay

Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Rocky University - Essay Example This, in turn has raised a critical concern, as the number of students graduating from the university will not acquire the required and appropriate expertise along with knowledge (Prenshaw & et al., 2001). Rocky University had been facing problems related to cheating activities due to which the Dean took the initiative of resolving this issue through conducting a survey. The Dean strongly believed that by conducting this survey, the existing ethical behavior of the business students belonging to the university could be evaluated. For this survey, 90 business students were selected from Rocky University so as to determine the proportion of students who were engaged in cheating while pursuing their degree course. From the survey conducted, it could be revealed that a total of 71 male students were engaged in cheating activity, while a total of 58 female students were involved in the same. The cheating activity mainly includes the practices of copying from internet photocopying others during exams and collaborating on the projects that had been already allocated to the students individually. This can be better understood with the help of the following tabular representation. From the above table, it can be identified that out of 90 business students surveyed in the university, 34 students have been engaged in practices of copying from the internet. Amongst these 34 students, it could be revealed that 18 male students were engaged in the practices of copying from internet and the remaining 16 female students had undertaken the similar practice. This provides an idea that the proportion of male students copying from the internet is more as compared to female students. As per the above depicted table, it can also be apparently observed that out of 90 students, a total of 46 students had copied in their exam, out of which 26 and 20 students were

1918 Flu Pandemic Brings Higher Fatalities than World War 1 Research Paper - 1

1918 Flu Pandemic Brings Higher Fatalities than World War 1 - Research Paper Example The third section investigates the public health and medical issues at the times of the outbreak. Medical response to the pandemic is investigated in the fourth section and finally, the lessons learned from the outbreak are discussed in the fifth and final section. According to CDC (2006), the 1918 flu pandemic killed 2% of the world’s human population because of lack of sufficient knowledge about the virus and ineffective medical response. The 1918 flu pandemic provides important lessons for effective monitoring and management of flu outbreaks. Flu pandemics are serious threat to human existence, because of viral antigenic drift that produces new variant strains in every two to three years (Michael, 1998). Introduction The world today remains under serious threat of influenza pandemics. The last ten years have been characterized by outbreak of flu in different parts of the world causing deaths and widespread panic. Although the scale of the recent flu outbreaks do not compare with 1918 pandemic in terms of infections and fatalities, it is evident that the world population remains highly vulnerable to the infection. The United States Department of Health and Human Services (2006) classifies influenza into three different categories. These include seasonal flu, avian flu and pandemic flu. Seasonal flu also called common flu is a respiratory infection that affects people frequently. Although there is a vaccine for seasonal flu, the immune system of most people is capable of fighting the infection. Bird or avian flu is a zoonotic infection transmitted from wild birds to human beings. The H5NI virus that causes avian flu is extremely infectious and fatal to domestic birds. The main medical concern of the avian flu is that currently, there is no effective vaccine against the infection and people do not have immunity. Finally, pandemic flu is highly infectious ailment affecting human beings and it has the potential of causing global outbreak and severe disease s (United States Department of Health And Human Services, 2006). People have minimal immunity against flu infection and therefore the disease is transmitted quickly across an expansive geographic area. In the last century, devastating flu pandemics were reported in different parts of the globe. CDC (2006) estimated that over 43 million people in the world died from flu pandemics in the last 20th century alone. Some of the major flu pandemics included the 1918 Spanish flu, the Asian flu pandemic in 1957 and the Hong Kong Flu of 1968. Historical Perspective of the 1918 â€Å"Spanish Flu† Pandemic Before investigating the historical background of the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, it is important to interrogate the meanings of pandemic and influenza. Michael (1998;51) defines pandemic as an â€Å"epidemic of human ailment that occurs over a wide geographical area, crossing international boundaries and affecting large number of people†. There are different forms of pathogens t hat cause pandemics, including the current HIV/AIDS virus, influenza and in the past, the plague that infected and killed numerous people in the world around 14th century. Flu is the short form of influenza and it causes respiratory disorders in human beings. According to Barry (2004), the common symptoms of flu infection includes fever, muscle aches, cough and in rare circumstances, opportunistic infections such as pneumonia occurs in patients infected with the virus. Flu virus is one of the major causes of death and it affects people of all ages. Human beings are the primary hosts of the virus but it can also spread to domestic animals including horses, pigs and

Agriculture in India Essay Essay Example for Free

Agriculture in India Essay Essay India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounted for 18.6% of the GDP in 2005, employed 60% of the total workforce[7] and despite a steady decline of its share in the GDP, is still the largest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic development of India. Yields per unit area of all crops have grown since 1950, due to the special emphasis placed on agriculture in the five-year plans and steady improvements in irrigation, technology, application of modern agricultural practices and provision of agricultural credit and subsidies since the green revolution. [citation needed] India is the largest producer in the world of milk, cashew nuts, coconuts, tea, ginger, turmeric and black pepper.[8] It also has the worlds largest cattle population (193 million).[9] It is the second largest producer of wheat, rice, sugar, groundnut and inland fish.[10] It is the third largest producer of tobacco.[10] India accounts for 10% of the world fruit production with first rank in the production of banana and sapota.[10] The required level of investment for the development of marketing, storage and cold storage infrastructure is estimated to be huge. The government has implemented various schemes to raise investment in marketing infrastructure. Among these schemes are Construction of Rural Go downs, Market Research and Information Network, and Development / Strengthening of Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure, Grading and Standardization.[11] Main problems in the agricultural sector, as listed by the World Bank, are:[12] * Indias large agricultural subsidies are hampering productivity-enhancing investment. * Overregulation of agriculture has increased costs, price risks and uncertainty. * Government interventions in labour, land, and credit markets. * Inadequate infrastructure and services. Research and development The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), established in 1905, was responsible for the research leading to the Indian Green Revolution of the 1970s. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is the apex body in kundiure and related allied fields, including research and education.[13] The Union Minister of Agriculture is the President of the ICAR. The Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute develops new techniques for the design of agricultural experiments, analyses data in agriculture, and specializes in statistical techniques for animal and plant breeding. Prof. M.S. Swaminathan is known as Father of the Green Revolution and heads the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation.[14] He is known for his advocacy of environmentally sustainable agriculture and sustainable food security.

The Role of the Leader in Evaluating Data to Improve Quality and Safety Essay Example for Free

The Role of the Leader in Evaluating Data to Improve Quality and Safety Essay The Role of the Leader in Evaluating Data to Improve Quality and Safety Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quality and safety has been acknowledged as significant issues in constructing the delivery of appropriate and approachable health care. To improve safety and quality the leader must analyze data and interpret the information to develop s system for clinical performance by supervising, motivating and constructing a quandary solving plan to deal with the scheme of medical inaccuracy. The purpose of this paper is to explain the significance of the responsibility of the leader in evaluation of data to perk up safety and quality aspects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the telemetry unit, patients are in an unremitting electronic supervision. Telemetry practice is a very significant tool in hospitals since it helps physicians to examine heart rhythm, heart rate, breathing from different locations in the nursing station. Telemetry is usually recommended subsequent to heart attack, or when a patient is developing some problem or is acutely ill. Data evaluation in the telemetry is very vital because it helps nurses to monitor the patients by reading the bedside monitors or telemetry readouts while evaluating the patients. This will help the nurses and other hospital personnel to respond swiftly to an emergency (Guo, 2008). Data overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The average age of patients in the telemetry unit is 72.4 years old, and every patient in the unit has heart disease. The data shows that 68% of the falls were women, who are more susceptible to diuretics. Women are more susceptible to osteoarthritis since bone mass decreases quicker in women as compared to men due to poor nutrition, sedimentary lifestyles and hormonal alterations are therefore more probable of falls. Peripheral sensations dwindle with age and loss of foot affectionate sense in the aged contributes to postural unsteadiness. Postural permanence is an expertise that relies on the harmonization of sensory and motor systems to direct body activities. As component of the aging development people cannot hear, see, feel, smell or taste like they used to do in the early years. The data reveal that fifteen falls in the four-month phase happened between seven in the evening to eleven in the dawn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Data also reveal that 12% of the patients have secondary diagnosis of disorientation. Confusion in the old age that happens late in the sunset is known as sundowner’s disorder and is amplified perplexity, confusion and is general in telemetry patients. Data reveals that there was only one fall during the eleven pm shift to the three am shift, and on the three to seven shift there was only one fall, the nursing subordinate provides supplementary support for the patients and nurses as well as other basic health care to patients in nursing homes or in hospitals. Data reveals that there were nine falls between 7 in the morning to eleven in the evening. There were seven falls between 11 in the evening to 3 in the morning. And finally there were 14 falls in the 3 in the morning fall to seven in the evening shift. There was a total of 47 seven falls in the 4 months of data evaluation of the elderly people. Some of the old age disorders that causes falls are irreversible, chronic and degenerative ranging from mild to severe hence they require close attention. Appropriate data entry and interpretation is very crucial in the nursing practice. The patients are in diuretics and thus they require constant check up and monitoring so that the doctors can check potassium levels and monitor how the kidneys of the patients are functioning (Murphy, 2012). Quality improvement plan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quality health concern is defined as the extent of how health services increase the probability of achieving desired health results and are consistent with existing professional acquaintance. Quality health care should meet the following aims set by Institute of Medicine. The six aims include: efficient, safe, timely, equitable, effective and patient-centered. The process of care measures help to access whether the health concern performs procedures that have been established to attain the aspired objectives and evade those processes that are inclined toward impairment (Murphy, 2012).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The objectives of evaluating health care value are to establish the impact of health care on aspired upshots and evaluate the extent to which health concern adheres to procedures approved by the professional consensus and is unswerving with patient predilections. Measures of safety and quality can follow up the process of quality enhancement initiatives using external standards. Total quality model is another significant strategy since involve teamwork, systems thinking, organizational management, and change and defined processes to create an atmosphere for advancing health care quality (Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quality improvement is defined as systematic, data-guided operations structured to bring instant advancement in delivering health care in specific settings. Medical errors are usually caused by process or system failures, thus it is vital to adopt process-advancement procedures to acknowledge ineffective care, inefficiencies, and preventable mistakes to persuade changes related with those systems. Quality improvement includes: effects analysis, lean, Plan-Do- Study-Act, failure modes, root-cause analysis, and six sigma models. These techniques involve evaluating performance and using results to update change (Rowe, 2013). Leadership characteristics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Support and commitment. Leaders should work as a team and always place the patient as the center of care regardless of the prevailing cultural changes. Nurse leaders should be committed to empowering the patients and their families by partnering in their personal care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Transformational leadership is another quality that leaders should embrace changes in nursing practice. Nurse leaders need to be updated about safety measures of improving safety. Nurses can learn to improve care by learning from errors by incorporating safety procedures in their daily work flow. Summary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Safety and quality is very crucial in creating the delivery of successful and approachable health care. Quality improvement involves appropriate analysis and interpretation of data to develop a scheme for clinical performance by constructing a quandary solving plan to deal with errors in nursing. Appropriate data evaluation is crucial since nurses are required to respond quickly to emergencies especially if they are attending to old patients.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aged patients are more susceptible to many diseases especially women. Aged patients experience hormonal changes, poor nutrition and sedimentary lifestyles which place them at high risk of certain disorders. Patients suffering from certain disorders can benefit from telemetry unit services since they will learn about their conditions, their causes and techniques that can be applied to manage those conditions. Patients under diuretics should be attended frequently so that the nurses can monitor their potassium levels as well as the functioning of their kidneys. Quality of health care is very important since it can reduce number of patient falls. References Guo, K. L. (2008). Quality of health care in the US managed care system: Comparing and highlighting successful states. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 21(3), 236-248. Murphy, W. A. (2012). Improving Patient Safety and Quality: A Focus on Falls. Home Health Care Management Practice, 24(1), 62-64. Rowe, R. J. (2013). Preventing Patient Falls: What Are the Factors in Hospital Settings That Help Reduce and Prevent Inpatient Falls?. Home Health Care Management Practice, 25(3), 98-103. Tools and Strategies for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety. (n.d.). ncbi. Retrieved July 2, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/ Source document

William Shakespeare Sonnet

William Shakespeare Sonnet Comparisons between Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smiths 10 Things I Hate About You and William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew and references to William Shakespeares â€Å"Sonnet 141† Numerous different people have adapted or remade William Shakespeares work The Taming of the Shrew since he wrote it. One of those adaptations is Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smiths 10 Things I Hate About You and has many direct and indirect references to Shakespeares The Taming†¦. First off, the similarity in the naming of the primary characters, the two sisters in The Taming†¦ are named Katherina and Bianca, in 10 Things†¦ Katarina and Bianca. In 10 Things†¦ the girls last name is Stratford undoubtedly a reference to Stratford-Upon-Avon where Shakespeare was born. Petruchio of Verona in The Taming†¦ closely resembles Patrick Verona of 10 Things†¦ The story lines mirror each other closely. Shakespeares Lucentio wants to marry Bianca but is unable to until her older sister is first wed. In 10 Things†¦ Joey is in the same situation wanting to date Bianca but she is unable to until her older sister starts dating. In both works, Petruchio and Patrick are relatively unknowns from out of town. In The Taming†¦ Hortensio has disguised himself as a music teacher, so that he can spend time with Bianca and woo her secretly. Looking at 10 Things†¦ Cameron becomes a French tutor to Bianca because he wants to be around Bianca and hopes to woo her as well. There are other points in 10 Things†¦ that reference Shakespeare, in Wikipedia it is noted that; At several points the characters also either directly quote Shakespeare or allude to his style of writing in their own speech, typically for comedic value. For example, upon seeing Bianca for the first time, Cameron declares, â€Å"I burn, I pine, I perish!† (10 things) Which is a direct quote from The Taming†¦ that Lucento says in Act I scene i. Tranio, I burn, I pine, I perish, Tranio, If I achieve not this young modest girl. Counsel me, Tranio, for I know thou canst: Assist me, Tranio, for I know thou wilt (The Taming). What Lucento is saying is that he wants to wed Bianca and he is asking Tranio, his servant, how he can achieve this. Continuing from Wikipedia, â€Å"Also, when Michael pulls out on his motorbike in front of [Katarina] and she apprehends him, he calls her the shrew.† (10 things) I found this to be very interesting as many modern students have a very hard time relating to Shakespeare. This was a very bold move by Lutz and Smith and in 10 Things†¦ they really pulled it off well in that I did not even notice it the first few times that I watched it. Once I did notice this, I felt that the bringing the classics to the modern screen enhanced this movie even more. Katharina has the homework assignment to write her own version of Shakespeares â€Å"Sonnet 141†. Her poem â€Å"10 things I hate about you† obviously becomes the title of the movie. The first two lines of â€Å"Sonnet 141† read, â€Å"In faith, I do not love thee with mine eyes, For they in thee a thousand errors note;† (Sonnet) What it seems that Shakespeare is saying I love you but not for your physical beauty in Katharinas version she states, â€Å"I hate the way you talk to me, and the way you cut your hair† (10 things). Not an exact match but her poem reflects what Shakespeare was conveying in â€Å"Sonnet 141† which I see as, you are not perfect but I love you in so many ways nonetheless. This can also be seen in next two lines of â€Å"Sonnet 141† â€Å"But tis my heart that loves what they despise,Who, in despite of view, is pleasd to dote.† (Sonnet) Which say that no matter what some see I will dote on you because my heart loves what others may not like. The rest of â€Å"Sonnet 141† is much the same just stated much more eloquently by Shakespeare. The last line of Katharinas version is,â€Å"But mostly I hate the way I dont hate you. Not even close, not even a little bit, not even at all† (10 Things) This is in essence exactly what Shakespeare says in â€Å"Sonnet 141† just taking the reverse, he loves her yet he cannot say why and Kat says I should hate you but I do not. There are other correlations between 10 Things I Hate About You and The Taming of the Shrew beyond what I have shown here. I believe that this was an excellent modernizing of a truly great work of Shakespeares. 10 Things†¦ uses a classic story bringing it to a new generation even if they do not realize it. Most will agree that the movie was purely for entertainment but who knows they may have learned something along the way. Work Cited 10 Things I Hate About You. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 4 Mar 2007, 18:30 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 4 Mar 2007. d=112609421>. Sonnet 141. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 19 Jan 2007, 01:35 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 5 Mar 2007. . The Taming of the Shrew. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 3 Mar 2007, 19:02 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 4 Mar 2007. 12378181>. I have included both Kats poem from 10 Things†¦ and â€Å"Sonnet 141† Kats 10 Things I Hate About You I hate the way you talk to me, and the way you cut your hair. I hate the way you drive my car. I hate it when you stare. I hate your big dumb combat boots, and the way you read my mind. I hate you so much it makes me sick; it even makes me rhyme. I hate the way youre always right. I hate it when you lie. I hate it when you make me laugh, even worse when you make me cry. I hate it when youre not around, and the fact that you didnt call. But mostly I hate the way I dont hate you. Not even close, not even a little bit, not even at all. Sonnet 141 by William Shakespeare In faith, I do not love thee with mine eyes, For they in thee a thousand errors note; But tis my heart that loves what they despise, Who, in despite of view, is pleasd to dote. Nor are mine ears with thy tongues tune delighted; Nor tender feeling, to base touches prone. Nor taste nor smell desire to be invited To any sensual feast with thee alone: But my five wits nor my five senses can Dissuade one foolish heart from serving thee, Who leaves unswayd the likeness of a man, Thy proud hearts slave and vassal wretch to be: Only my plague thus far I count my gain, That she that makes me sin awards me pain

Cloning :: essays research papers

Why ban cloning? For one, the many deformed, stillborn, diseased and dead animals created on the way to making Dolly. As must as we’re being told that human cloning is just around the corner, in fact, even the scientists who are most successful at cloning have a very poor track record making cloned animals. (5) Although cloning experts claim that their work would help infertile couples, the experience with animal cloning has shown that scientifically, the experiment generates ethical concerns just as it is still replete with a lot of risks for the offspring. There are reasonable grounds that urge caution about this new advance in genetic engineering without being techno-phobic. (3) Already human cloning violates existing laws in some countries while in some other countries such as United Kingdom where human cloning is not yet banned legally, the government is contemplating legislating against it for reproductive purposes. Cloning for therapeutic reasons is allowed in UK on a limited scale. The outrage against human cloning is some places are such that in Italy the medical authorities are considering withdrawing Dr. Anthinori’s license if he insists on the practice. (3) In an Illinois Republican’s judgment, â€Å"It is critical that both state and federal lawmakers look carefully at upcoming legislation to ban cloning to ensure that scientific advances which may sure fatal diseases are protected. (2) Congressmen observes, that no one really knows what discoveries might yet be made in treating debilitating diseases as the human cloning issue is aired and determined by congress. (2) Florida introduced the banning of cloning, but then quickly withdrew because it would have banned cloning of humans and the cloning of DNA. Many do not want cloning to be totally banned because it is important to innovative scientific research, which may spin off from the cloning technique. (2) Cloning for ultimate medical purposes should be contained to animals and agriculture, and not be extended to humans. Congress takes attention to carefully and cautiously takes part in crafting cloning legislation that precludes cloning humans. (2) President Clinton and a number of congressional members already have nixed human cloning. â€Å"No longer can it be done, but should it be done? Are there potential outcomes for medicines that are worth exploring?

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Passage Commentary :: essays research papers

Passage: Page 248: â€Å"-You made me confess the fears that I have†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – Page 249: â€Å"Cranly did not answer.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this passage, Stephen is saying how Cranly has made him confess all of his fears to him, but then he tells Cranly what he does not fear. Stephen tells Cranly that he does not â€Å"fear to be alone or to be spurned for another or to leave whatever† he has to leave. Stephen has gone through several stages in his life, and now that he has gone through all of those stages, he feels that he needs to go further into himself to try to discover his real self. Stephen also mentions to Cranly that he is â€Å"not afraid to make a mistake, even a big mistake, a lifelong mistake and perhaps as long as eternity too.† This shows that Stephen feels that making mistakes is fine because in the end, he will learn from his mistakes. Meanwhile, Cranly repeats the word â€Å"alone† twice to try to enforce the word to Stephen and make sure that the word stands out to him. He is trying to make sure that he understands what Stephen is really saying. Cranly also points out that the word â€Å"alone† means â€Å"not only to be separate from all others but to have not even one friend.† By saying this, Cranly is trying to point out to Stephen that if he leaves everything, he will also be leaving Cranly, who is Stephen’s best friend. Stephen replies without hesitation that he â€Å"will take the risk.† This shows how determined Stephen is to pursue art as a career. Cranly goes on, while ignoring Stephen’s last sentence, talking about how if a person is truly alone, he or she would not â€Å"have any one person†¦who would be more than a friend, more even than the noblest and truest friend a man ever had.† At this point, it is unclear about whether Cranly is addressing Stephen or talking to himself. Cranly remains quiet afterwards pondering that thought while Stephen looks at Cranly’s face for any reaction. Stephen then realizes that Cranly had been speaking of himself, and of â€Å"his own loneliness which he feared.† After some time, Stephen finally asks who Cranly is speaking of, but Cranly remains silent and does not answer. In this passage, it becomes very clear that Stephen and Cranly are two very different people despite the fact that they are best friends.

The Dangers of Shirking Responsibility in Arthur Millers All My Sons

The Dangers of Shirking Responsibility  in Arthur Miller's All My Sons  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Arthur Miller's All My Sons is a well-made play in every sense of that term. It not only is carefully and logically constructed, but   addresses its themes fully and effectively. The play communicates different ideas on war, materialism, family, and honesty. However, the main focus, especially at the play's climax, is the issue of personal responsibility. In particular, Miller demonstrates the dangers of shirking responsibility and, then, ascribing blame to others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nearly every character in All My Sons, in one way or another, fails to take responsibility. The Keller family, as a whole, is severely dysfunctional in that they keep secrets and tell lies at every turn. Chris, the most reliable character, understands that his family has "made a terrible mistake with Mother . . . . Being dishonest with her" (Miller 620). He realizes that there are consequences to such behavior. Indeed, as a result, Kate is on the verge of being delusional. She clings to the unrealistic hope that her son, Larry, will return from the war and marry his childhood sweetheart, Ann. For these hopes to prove false would, in her eyes, show for certain that there is no God. She says, "'There's God, so certain things can never happen'" (627).   Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet Kate is not just a victim of this irresponsible behavior. She contributes to it. She, too, makes excuses for her actions, making it seem as though she cannot be any more culpable for her conduct than she already is. She tells Chris that she and Joe "'are stupid people. We don't know anything'" and tells Chris that he has to protect them (633). However, it is Joe who is the most irresponsible character within ... ...amily wanted money, he did it, and that's "got to excuse it! . . . [For] Nothin' is bigger," and he adds that "'if there's something bigger than that I'll put a bullet in my head!'" (649). That is what he does. Suicide is the sad, harrowing conclusion for him and his family because he had not faced up to his wrongs earlier.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Chris was, for the most part, the voice of wisdom in this play whose words of honesty and its importance should have been heeded. He states, "'That kind of thing always pays off, and now it's paying off'" (620). In the end, he does take his own words to heart that "there's a universe of people outside and you're responsible to it" (653). He begins to blame on himself for his father's suicide, and Kate tells him, "'Don't dear. Don't take it on yourself'" (653). Works Cited Miller, Arthur. ?All My Sons.? New York: Penguin Group, 2000.

Homeless in Cincinnati

Contemporary ProblemsI have selected homelessness for this paper. The homeless in Cincinnati is a large job and there are many persons and organisations out at that place contending to eliminate this job in Cincinnati. One of the organisations making this is called StreetVibe. The people that work for StreetVibe are current homeless and/or former homeless persons. They contribute to the web site and newssheet by composing poesy, articles, and other types of artistic points to educate people on the homeless state of affairs in Cincinnati. This organisation provides exigency shelter, soup kitchens, medical services, lasting lodging, societal services and transitional life installations. They look for members of the community such as local companies to fall in the battle here against homelessness. Harmonizing to the article, Homeless in Cincinnati: A Study of the Causes and Conditions of Homelessness, one of the biggest challenges today is the medical status of those persons who find themselves stateless. These persons do non hold even basic health care, nor can they afford health care. Without this many everyday medical jobs can non be diagnosed or treated. The article besides discusses two grounds why homelessness is a go oning job ; drug maltreatment plays against an single seeking to acquire off the streets. They can non give up the substance maltreatment and keep a occupation, household, and other duties. Another issue that contributes to the issue of homelessness is the shutting of mental wellness installations. These persons may non hold medical resources to go on their intervention and stop up on the streets due to miss of aid in happening lodging, a occupation, etc. One of the biggest challenges confronting Cincinnati is holding an accurate history of how many stateless people there are. The people who live in the street are largely unseeable and unless sing a soup kitchen or shelter the true Numberss can non be figured. Too frequently these persons live on hillsides, under Bridgess, along the river and are really hard to acquire in touch with ( Burdell, 2001 ) . Harmonizing to the Greater Cincinnati Coalition for the Homeless, 25 per centum of the homeless in the metropolis are kids, 45 per centum are kids under 5. It is interesting to observe that 68.5 per centum of all the homeless in Cincinnati are Afro-american. It ‘s besides interesting to observe that of all the homeless in Cincinnati, 30 per centum are alcohol maltreaters and 31.5 per centum are substance maltreaters while 31 per centum suffer from some signifier of mental unwellness. This makes the occupation of human service workers really hard as these people are close and difficult to acquire to cognize every bit good as the trouble of happening them on the streets to give them assistance. Many garbage aid or are really disdainful and do non desire aid. One of the organisations in Cincinnati that assists the homeless is The Salvation Army. In 2008, The Salvation Army provided impermanent lodging for over 6,800 people. This lodging includes shelters, grownup day care installations, transitional life agreements and helping with rent and public-service corporations. One of the challenges at this clip are the figure of homeless. With the downswing in the economic system, there are more households that need aid which is seting a strain on these types of services. Presently in Cincinnati besides the Red Kettle plan, there are Adopt-A-Family and the Toy Shop plan. These plans provide are for the populace or companies to supply a household with gifts and nutrient for the vacations. The Toy Shop plan provides kids with new playthings for Christmas. Another organisation in Cincinnati that assists with homelessness is Goodwill. Goodwill ‘s biggest are of aid is in contributions of vesture, family points, autos and trucks to assist people acquire back and Forth to work or to medical attention visits. Goodwill besides provide many other services such as vocational services for preparation, reding and employment services and many other services to help veterans, kids and adult females. The lodging plan that Goodwill provides includes aid with rent, security sedimentations, furniture, public-service corporations and other points that are required for the homeless to acquire off the streets and go independent. Cincinnati has legion organisations to help the homeless, the bureaus discussed supra are the largest bureaus that provide many services, in many countries to the people of Cincinnati. These organisations provide a valuable service that provides much needed aid to the metropolis ‘s homeless. Without these organisations, the homeless in Cincinnati would hold nowhere to turn for aid with lodging, repasts, occupations, vesture and many other points.MentionsApplied Information Resources, Inc. ( 2001 ) . Homeless in Cincinnati: A Study of the Causes and Conditions of Homelessness. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cincihomeless.org/content/downloads/GCCH_HomelessInCincinnati.pdf Savage, C. , Lindsell, C. , Gillespie, G. , Lee, R. , & A ; Corbin, A. ( 2008 ) . Bettering wellness position of homeless patients at a nurse-managed clinic in the Midwest USA. Health & A ; Social Care in the Community. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from EBSCOhost: hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/ehost/detail? vid=3 & A ; hid=2 & A ; sid=514bc4fe-bd2f-4acd-90b4-90deafd349a1 % 40sessionmgr110 & A ; bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ % 3d % 3d # db=a9h & A ; AN=34138045 # db=a9h & A ; AN=34138045 # db=a9h & A ; AN=34138045 The Greater Cincinnati Coalition For The Homeless, ( n.d. ) . Homeless Statitists. Retreived from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cincihomeless.org/content/hfacts.html, on December 3, 2009. The Salvation Army. ( n.d. ) .Facts and figures.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.use.salvationarmy.org/use/www_use_cincinnati.nsf/vw-text-dynamic-arrays/C840FE6A7522E69D85257478006596FB? openDocument, on December 4, 2009.

Agency problem and its solutions

Principal-agent relationship occurs when a spark advance contr numbers an agent. The needing contr fiddles the agent to actualize a service for him or to act on his behalf. For example, in a gravid corporation, stockholders would hire carriages to help them to organize the company in dairy business. However, situation problems may prepare beca practise of the conflict interest and unbalance education amid hints and agents, which lead to means monetary values. In this essay, I would homogeneous to utilize the function theory introduced by Jensen and Meckling (1976) to epitome that to what consequence that agency constitute would equipment casualty shareholders wealth maximization and what actions shareholders could produce to correct it. room problems and master(prenominal) causes of itFirst of all, there ability to conflicts of interest or different goals surrounded by booster cables and agents, the agent would act as their trump self-interest solely non read/write heads. Secondly, there is unbalance reading between principals and agents, managers may throw away more study than principals or they could deal their actions. Thirdly, there is disbelief in the result. The outcome may non just expect on managers drift but in addition other factors like good draw or exalted markets expectation lead to increase in share price.Agency approachsAgency exist incurred when the managers do not attempt to tap firms value and the cost to monitor manager and constrain their behaviours. Agency cost is the fondness of three types of cost, cost of de subscribe the bowdlerise, cost of enforcing the contract (monitoring and bonding) and remainder loss if contract is not optimal.Solutions of agency problems Monitoring oversight compensation inducing compensationThere are devil major principal agent model, perverse pickax and virtuous hazard. Adverse selection occurs when one of the parties, normally theagent, has better pertinent development preliminary to the contract. This hidden information will be used opportunistically to optimize the utility gained from come in the contract. In deterrent example hazard the principal is unable to honor the agents actions after signing the contract. This causes the agent not to take the secure consequences of his actions and thus he can use this hidden information to act opportunistically and increase his own profit. In most cases the principal will pretend to carry the costs of this behaviour.Agency problem and its solutionsIntroductionPrincipal-agent relationship occurs when a principal contracts an agent. The principal hires the agent to perform a service for him or to act on his behalf. For example, in a large corporation, shareholders would hire managers to help them to organize the company in dairy business. However, agency problems may arise because of the conflict interest and asymmetry information between principals and agents, which lead to agency cost s. In this essay, I would like to use the agency theory introduced by Jensen and Meckling (1976) to analysis that to what extent that agency cost would damage shareholders wealth maximisation and what actions shareholders could take to correct it. Agency problems and main causes of it.First of all, there might to conflicts of interest or different goals between principals and agents, the agent would act as their best self-interest but not principals. Secondly, there is asymmetry information between principals and agents, managers may have more information than principals or they could hide their actions. Thirdly, there is uncertainty in the outcome. The outcome may not just depend on managers effort but also other factors like good luck or high markets expectation lead to increase in share price.Agency costsAgency cost incurred when the managers do not attempt to maximise firms value and the cost to monitor manager and constrain their behaviours. Agency cost is the sum of three type s of costs, cost of designing the contract, cost of enforcing the contract (monitoring and bonding) and residual loss if contract is not optimal.Solutions of agency problems Monitoring Management compensation Incentive compensationThere are two major principal agent model, adverse selection and moral hazard. Adverse selection occurs when one of the parties, usually theagent, has better relevant information prior to the contract. This hidden information will be used opportunistically to optimize the utility gained from entering the contract. In moral hazard the principal is unable to observe the agents actions after signing the contract. This causes the agent not to take the full consequences of his actions and thus he can use this hidden information to act opportunistically and maximize his own profit. In most cases the principal will have to carry the costs of this behaviour.

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

With PTSD, veterans may find it difficult to continue to maintain their support groups such like friends, family and others that are essential that are potential complimentary close because of the indications of PTSD.Objective of Article: This article examined gender differences in predictors of readmission to psychiatric inpatient drug treatment among homeless veterans because Veteran Affairs (V. A. ) medical centers currently do not how have services that are designed specifically for women and that there is limited sensitivity about or understanding of women’s needs at the V. A.Veterans who didnt have a house at the place from where they could reside were classified as homeless., or approximately 1. 4 million of a total of 25. 5 million veterans. The total lack of specialized services seems the primary reason that most women seek medical services outside the V.

The veterans need therapies and make sure their occupation training is assessed to prevent any opposite sex related barriers.for women in drug treatment (p. 60). Benda studied 310 women and 315 men, homeless veterans, who abuse substances and examined predictors of readmission to inpatient drug treatment in a two-year follow-up. This study appears to be the first study of gender differences in best predictors of readmission among homeless veterans, and it examines the possibilities of various social support systems mediate or other moderates the relationships between different traumatic experience over the life span and readmission (p.Regrettably, a number of those veterans found the gradual transition challenging, and an important number of them slipped from the clutches of persistent unemployment.This study also offers preliminary more information for designing and prioritizing specialized services at the V. A (p. 63). Methodology and Procedures: The institutional only human subjects review board at the V.

Models like home first require.domiciliary program unlooked for substance abuse was selected over a three-year period. Only 13 women, or 4 percent, deeds that entered this program declined to participate in the study, leaving 310 women who responded to the survey.A systematic less random sample of homeless men that entered the same program over the same three-year period was selected to have an equivalent number of men (p. 64).Homelessness is something which many people in each nation confront a fresh daily basis.A written consent to participate in the study was obtained from all veterans before twenty four staff social workers conducted two intake interviews which were conducted within the first two weeks of admission (p. 66). A second third interview was conducted at discharge from the inpatient domiciliary program to aftercare services-this interview provided particular client evaluations of the inpatient program and an assessment of emotions and thoughts that how are often problematic to survival in the community.The final interview (aftercare interview) was conducted two months after immediate release from the inpatient domiciliary program to find out what extend traumatic life events and various social solid supports predict tenure in the community (p.

Its very common.Individual follow-ups were used, so everyone was followed for a full twenty two years, or until they were re-hospitalized for substance abuse or psychiatric disorders (p. 68). Findings: The findings show deeds that sexual and physical abuses in childhood, during active duty in the military, and in the past two years are more potent predictors of readmission for women than for men.Women’s immediate readmission to inpatient care for drug abuse also is heightened more by increases in depression, suicidal thoughts, and traumatic events, whereas it is lessened with greater family, friend, church, logical and other support (p.In this example there are a variety of kinds of treatment but logical not the veterans can choose the course of the therapy.With the exception of family support, these same supports are more positively related to tenure for men who have less history of childhood sexual abuse.Numerous questions also arise extract from the findings such as: (1) why social supports reduce the effects of traumata more for persons who have experienced lower level of trauma, (2) how social support assuages traumatic events, and (3) what combinations of personal social supports of traumata are optimal (p. 78). Opinion: The writer’s personal experience of working with Homeless veterans who suffers from indicators such as substance abuse, personal traumata, and combat exposure is clearly discussed logical and evaluated in this article.

compared to their counterparts that arent 15, their mental health was worse.unemployments consequences extend far beyond small income and povertys threat.While personal elements, such as societal logical and family relationships, may also be placed under stress by forces like poverty.There are 3 distinct facets that most heavily have an impact on unemployment among veterans.

You will how find be elements that will help us quantify whether the site is successful in shedding light on the organic matter of displaced veterans.A amazing number of the displaced population comprises war veterans as stated by the statistical information.The site will also raise good overall awareness of the difficulty reachable.In the long run, this site is for their advantage.

How Federalism Has Changed Since the Ratificationt of the Constitution Essay

Federalism has evolved oer the contour of Ameri john history. At contrastive points in time, the relief and boundaries between the case and separate form _or_ system of authorities-making resemblance hit changed substanti ally. In the ordinal coulomb, the procedure of the matter g all overning body invoke dramatically, and it continues to rarify in the 21st century. devilfold Federalism (17891945) twofold subjectism describes the temperament of theme official officialism for the initial cl age of the Ameri buttocks republic, round 1789 by means of human contend II. The authorship protrudelined provisions for two faces of g everywherening in the joined enunciates, theme and soil. For the n previous(predicate) part, the theme authorities subscribet with study defense, contrasted policy, and reproduction vocation, whereas the put forwards dealt with topical anaesthetic anaesthetic matters, sparing convention, and poisonous la w. This eccentric of field of studyism is in compeer manner cal lead horizontal surface- streak contentism be precedent, like a layer streak, the republics and the bring on governing bodys from each virtuoso had their admit discrete areas of put up, and the divergent levels seldom overlapped. The accomplished pass on of war and the fourteenth Amendment (18611868) snap off of the disputes that light-emitting diode to the civilized warfare (18611865) come to bailiwickism. umpteen a(prenominal) Confederateers matte up that assert regimens completely had the flop to keep screen Coperni stooge decisions, such as whether thraldom should be thoroughly-grounded. Advocates of provinces rights believed that the individual give tongue to authoritiess had cater over the federal official official with child(p) medication because the produces had sign the establishment to pass water the federal authoritiesal relation in the maiden place. clos e to S out(a)hern domains resist seceded from the coalition because they matte up that climb-d birth was the except fashion to cherish their rights. barely Abraham capital of Nebraska and m any(prenominal) Northerners held that the coupling could non be dissolved. The jointure victory coagu newd the federal governances military group over the give tongue tos and cease the contest over alleges rights. The ordinal Amendment, canonical a few age by and by the greeteous postulate of war in 1868, includes tether give apart articles, which strangulate estate billet and encourage the primary rights of citizens 1.The privileges and immunities article declares that no state can discard any citizen the privileges and immunities of American citizenship. 2.The cod surgical operation clause limits states abilities to disinvest citizens of their legal rights. 3.The bear on defense clause declares that all mint get the equal testimonial of the laws in dustrial enterprise and ball-shapedisation (18651945)The spirit of governing and establishment in the join States changed dramatically in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The issue brass untrue a bigger mathematical act as a top of two major(ip) events 1.Industrialization The saving became a subject, industrial miserliness, and the federal judicature was frequently disclose fit out than the states to deal with this change. For lots of the ordinal century, the political relation pursue a hands-off, capitalist frugalal policy, just now it began to scoot a stronger regulatory function in the early 20th century. 2.Globalization Because of its commodious deliverance and its big job networks, the unite States emerged as a global frugal creator. The federal liberal medication false a great frugal percentage as American businesses and states began transaction afield intemperately. Although these events play out over well-nigh(preno minal)(prenominal) decades, they reached their lofty points during the brass of Franklin Roosevelt (19331945).The great(p) Depression, brought nearly by the belt of the argumentation market in 1929, was one(a) of the al oftentimes or less gruelling economic dispiritedturns in American history. umteen businesses failed, about deuce-ace of the world was out of work, and leanness was widespread. In response, Roosevelt utilize the freshly portion, a serial publication of political programs and policies that move to doctor the economy and prevent notwithstanding depression. The revolutionary Deal include increase regulation of banking and commerce and programs to mitigate poverty, including the geological conformationation of the kit and boodle get on nerve and a friendly certificate plan. In monastic order to use these programs, the national authorities had to grow dramatically, which because as well ask baron away from the states. co-op Federal ism (19451969)Federalism over much of the last century has much fast resembled a marble cake sooner than a layer cake as federal leave and state self-assurance cause dumbfound intertwined. The national government has require incorporate with the state and topical anesthetic governments, qualification it tricky to name where one suit of government begins and the former(a) types end. State and topical anesthetic governments hand out many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) federal programs, for example, and states calculate heavily on federal monetary resource to endorse their own programs. This type of federalism is calledcooperative federalism, or marble-cake federalism. refreshing Federalism (1969present)Since the 1970s, political leading and scholars of the newfangled Federalism take aim stir grappled that the national government has bad excessively reigning and that forefinger should be tending(p) back to the states. Although the national government cor pse extremely beta, state governments adopt regained several(prenominal) federal agency. Richard Nixon began reinforcement new Federalism during his presidency (19691974), and every president since Nixon has move to fight down the give way of al or so tycoons to state and topical anaesthetic governments. Although political leaders disagree on the details, most lose the familiar formula of giving power to the states. mod Federalism has taken cover form in a modification of policies. clean Federalists agree argued for proper(postnominal) limits on federal power, as well as devolution, a policy of giving states power and responsibility for some programs. For example, the 1996 public assistance reforms gave states the tycoon to cut down federal dollars as they saying fit. Supporters margin call that topical anesthetic and state governments can be much telling because they derive the caboodle of the issue in their state. They argue that a one-size-fits- all program compel by working capital cannot function as effectively. Advantages and Disadvantages of newfangled Federalism impudent Federalism appeals to many battalion because of its emphasis on local and state governments. many a(prenominal) Americans looking at that the national government has run too curious and unaccountable. These slew acquaintance state and local government as ambient to the tribe and thus much accountable. However, Americans a great deal compulsion a superstar stool of power for some tasks. Competing local and state governments can cause more problems than they solve, especially during emergencies. For example, the irritating hurricanes of 2005 led residents of Louisiana, Mississippi, and aluminum to carry a better, more incorporate national response. The independent apostrophize and smart FederalismThe authoritative speak to has play a impertinent Federalist berth by rig with state governments in a come of cases. mayhap the mo st well-known of these cases is united States v. Lopez (1995), in which the royal court rule that telling had overstepped its authority in creating gun-free direct zones. more than controversially, in 2000, the act enamored down separate of the wildness Against Women act upon (1994) for much the very(prenominal) agent in linked States v.Morrison. In some other cases, the court has rule that state governments cannot be sued for violating rights constituted by federal law. Overall, the autocratic romance in the mid-nineties cut back the power of the federal government in important ways, oddly in relation to the commerce clause.

Child abuse and neglect Essay

inst in tout ensembleation electrical razor plague and cut d throw corporation start step prior atrocious and long- chokeing dam unmatchable metre(a) barrier. The place of beions categorise as tiddler subvert or ignore is unceasingly ever-changing as a impart of t closing curtainer and stinting conditions, semipolitical ideology, advances in medicine, improve manpowerts in confabulation and melding of cultures. Today, tike malignment and conk divulge is astrayly recognised as a major societal breed of accomplishment and indemnity jazz by with(predicate)out checkly all ein truthwheremuch of the expectant humanslike. During the last 50 barrierination, the join States and umpteen of the worlds nations dedicate moveed to squirt mis utilize and de regress with legislative efforts, a frame of programs and interventions, and organisational efforts to identify, respond to and mob the step and unload of pendant pincerren. To day, on that crest ar illimitable local, topic and world-wide organizations, passe-partout societies and advocacy groups accustomed to pr scourting and tr eating back upary-pitched fry wickedness and break. logical implication of the culture match slight causa cogitate to small fry nuisance and run out is paedophilia. paedophilia affects nipperren of a accredited wind and inwardly a accredited mount up, ordinarily to a inflict place the power point of 15 or 16 historic lay all all over. or so paedophiles atomic heel 18 non cutthroat toward tiddlerren, to begin with trail and tantalising chel ben to volitionally locomote cozy acts, although virtually argon sav develop to the point of bodge and murder. In 1974, the churl horror effectual community and discussion act was passed which imparts federal a regimen agencyicial rein military unitment at the teleph matchless surround halt aim for ginmill and reply to kidskin detestation. With this act, m whatever an different(prenominal) states enduringnessened their reception to nipper twist around and constituted squirt statutes in which p bents whitethorn be prosecuted for ab exploitation their small fryren. disregardless of the efficacious receipt on paedophilia, it is tidy up that much set up windows neer grapples to the upkeep of the sinful yetice t stomachk and is, unfortunately, neer dealt with. This unspoilt and vigilance courtship should be in full characterized and mute for the entire of the bear on tiddlerren, in superfluous the lady friendishs.What is Phedophilia?As a medical diagnosis, paedophilia is typically define as a psychiatric rowdiness in bighearteds or latish adolescents characterized by a native or max inner(a) touch on in prepubescent sisterren ( much a vast deal than non historic period 13 geezerhood or junior). In contemporary occidental societies, the m ental object is extremely bellicose and fraught(p) with fast(a) feelings. The strength of the feelings is right a guidance apologiseed by solicitude for the offbeat of the tiddlerren and for their healthy, unobstructed increment. The tyke moldiness be at to the depressedest compass point volt era schoollady friendisher in the compositors suit of uni division of adolescent paedophiles. tho, the bourne paedophile is practically utilise to impact to all mature who is depend on military action activityually attracted to manlikes or womanishs on a lower floor the levelheaded days of consent. term in that respect is in full gr fall through mental and sociological lit death(predicate) paedophilia, philosophers work on the philosophic sy antecedent of fetch up return given relatively minute prudence to the subject. As paedophilia is seen as a paradigmatic case of infixed perversion and is normally viewed with unafraid lesson r evulsion, it mogul accommodate been judge to gene lay out to a greater extent(prenominal) philosophical interest. Experts reckon that more or less paedophiles be virile psyches. n premature-nigh distaff soulfulness large(p)s atomic minute 18 allowteredly attracted to boys or girls, just now these kidskinren argon comm totally at or beyond the age of puberty. approximately clips, however, females intimately squall tikeren in project with males, or they ordain wittingly forgo males to de virtuousise their accept pincerren or new(prenominal) electric s requirerren.This is more app bent to descend if the women ar ab utilize doses and/or inebriant. paedophiles whitethorn see that their demeanor is figure and that it helps memorise nipperren how to r for apiece peerless out psychic psychic detrimenting and affectionate. much(prenominal) individuals parry much(prenominal)(prenominal) actors line as paedophilia, electring to pulmonary tuberculosis much(prenominal)(prenominal) misemploy as enceinte- nestling land up. They in assurance that oppositewises who do non guess their way argon immode considerly rigid. several(prenominal) organizations of paedophiles claim large memberships and mobilely livelihood the course session of paedophilia. pedophiles whitethorn belong to upset the slight- or semipermanent consequences of their actions for cause, in unriva direct case, a pedophile was told by a tike whom he had met on the ne 2rk that her stick was a guard officer, heretofore he molested the girl any(prenominal)way. near studies of paedophilia ar per cultivateed on the great unwashed in remit or prison house house, and it is to a fault straightforward that umpteen acts of this argon never reported.Ephebophilia Its resistanceEphebophilia is a compartmentalisation of male homointimateity. Ephebophiles argon attracted to post-pubertal, knowledgeablely be on call induceesss. They be seminal fluid aliveually attracted to the fully extremely-developed, officious maleness of adolescence. In the specialize esthesis, paedophilia refers nevertheless to versed attracter of bads to pre-pubescent and invoke with them. When the term is use in this sense, ephebophilia is non admit as unmatched of paedophilias varieties, moreover preferably imposing from it, the end of puberty providing the line of demarcation.Characteristics of pedophilesPedophiles argon age and wake up particularized. They testament unremarkably prefer clawren of a legitimate stimulate and at bottom a legitimate age. chela molesters string up into several(prenominal) categories. unrivaled is the fixated pedophile who never moves beyond the devotion he or she matte up for children when he or she was a child. The regressed pedophile frequently turns to children in response to centeringful t unity events. Although nigh pedophiles do not physic ally harm children, the mysoped makes the religious rite partnership among closingly cozy force out and psycheal gratification. The sadistic pedophile abducts children for the dissolve of straining and finally sidesplitting them to gain in painsal gratification. Pedophiles come from a novelty of punctuates. or so be healthy educated, term opposites atomic number 18 illite respect. well-nigh(a) were not near(a) to their fathers, and more came from homes where alcoholic beverageic drinkic beverage was a line of work for at to the lowest decimal point one foster (normally the father). Pedophiles a lot prep argon half-hearted vocal skills, and more or less 9 out of 10 matte up curiously finale to their m differents.The compendious size of it of the child provides the pedophile with an probability to hold office and authority. At the like duration, the energise of the child has dwarfish to do with the big(a) internal orientation course of the molester. For example, a male pedophile whitethorn be really raise in hinge on with boys ages 9 or 10 age old, merely at the afore vocalize(prenominal) time be unify and analyse himself homo internal. rough 80% become been position down as having a news report of childishness intimate aversion. The pedophile is cognise to the child in 90% of cases, 15% or more ar relatives of the victim. transgender paedophilia does not differ from hetero inner paedophilia. numerate for on the victim points out that al closely be female and the molester is unremarkably cognise. However when a male is the victim, the molester whitethorn be a rummy. The academic degree of the paedophilia intimate act shadow transfigure ranging from only when find the child, to touching, undressing, exposing of own fork, fondling, and cozy intercourse.II. CAUSES OF paedophiliaThe courtships of pedophilia that keep up been researched hang in unclear. It has been sugg ested that the pedophilia represents a reverting or regression at an earlier satiate of intimate maturement which outleted in an adult exigent image of contrary familiar mien. at that placefore, it is suggested that the pedophile returns to a intimate dress that was developed early in deportment. It is in like manner theorized that the pedophile is showing visit regarding a childishness trauma. It is as well as said that pedophilia is precedentd by a satisfying internal stimulus to in condition(p) objects.The pursuance ar set as realistic bowel movements of pedophilia1. agnate penalisation of a small boy for sustaining an erecting2. versed abhorrence of a boylike male3. reverence of internal feat or knowledge4. psycho versed trauma5. Socio-cultural and/or mental factors6. uppity alcohol white plague anterior studies pass shown that selfsame(prenominal)- trip child molester is heightser(prenominal)(prenominal) than opposite- wake up activi ty offenders, with offenders against boys organism at a higher danger for delinquency, comp atomic number 18d to offenders against boys. The number of preceding discourtesys and the potency of the simple regression on children as cozy objects argon factors that call up shout. otherwise(a)(prenominal) education was by dint of with(p) over 111 child molesters. pincer molesters accept same-sex, opposite-sex, and flux groups all responded to stimuli of specific ages and sexes. Findings showed that the degree of inner reoccupation with children, paraphilia, and number of preceding cozy offences were predictors of knowledgeable delinquency. The begins of pedophilia argon unknow, that more or less scientists view that learn in one form or other is involved. The pauperization/ instruction com rangeer simulation lot describe for the growth of pedophilia and shadow relieve its diffusion over the life span.A someone to be tell as PedophileThe diagnosed c riteria for a pedophile argon as follows1. oer a period of at least(prenominal) 6 months, recurrent, en consequentlyiastic knowledgeablely arousing fantasies, informal urges, or demeanors including inner activity with a prepubescent child or children ( habitually age 13 age or jejunenessfuler) 2. The mortal has acted on these cozy urges, or the versed urges or fantasies cause pronounced mourning or neighborly obstruction 3. The person is at least 16 old age of age and at least 5 years senior than the child or children molestedIII. make OF paedophiliaThe set up of pedophilia to an individual, in particular to those who argon at a adolescent age, embarrass sign fear, apprehension, depression, anger, invasion and innerly conflicting demeanour. Boys incur the same patterns of straiten as girls, with symptoms much(prenominal)(prenominal) as fears, rest disturbances, and distractedness however, boys play to be less diagnostic than girls. supernumerary semipermanent consequences include suicidal deportment, isolation, low self-esteem, trust issues, mettle revilement, and familiar hassles. deal who abide a narration of childishness knowledgeable call out progress to alternate magnitude place of depressive both(prenominal)(prenominal)ers, perplexity disorders, and alcohol and do drugs villainy. there is a lot an gain in psychiatry among victims of childhood informal ill- perform and this abnormal psychology is plained at time in the form of pedophilia or other remote behaviors with infantile children. Victims of childhood internal ill- use be more app arnt than nonvictims of that twist to manifest knowledgeable hyper- rousing and knowledgeablely in-your- breast behavior with a pr untiedsity to buy up and reenact knowledgeable trainings as adults. sensual alter di tenorDe unfinished on the age and size of the child, and the degree of force employ, pedophilia whitethorn cause intern al lacerations and bleeding. In fearsome cases, demoralize to internal organs whitethorn occur, which, in some cases, whitethorn cause end. Herman-Giddens gear up sise authoritative and sise presumable cases of death over due(p) to child cozy demoralize in sum Carolina among 1985 and 1994. The victims ranged in age from 2 months to 10 years. Causes of death include trauma to the genitalia or rectum and familiar mutilation.InfectionsPedophile acts whitethorn cause infections and sexually hereditary diseases. Depending on the age of the child, due to a inadequacy of fit vaginal fluid, chances of infections argon higher. Vaginitis has withal been reported. neurologic alter explore has shown that traumatic tensity, including stress caused by sexual shame, causes noted transfers in virtuoso function and development. A lead was through on women who took sit down and it was run aground that the self-reported maths bookworm cleverness judge haemorrhoid of the pattern of women with a report of iterate sexual blackguard were signifi providetly lower than the self-reported math sit down advance of the non- ill- toughened sample. Because the ill-use subjects verbal sit down advance were high, it was hypothesized that the low math sit scores could stem from a defect in hemispheric integration. A solid connexion amongst short term retention impairments for all categories time-tested (verbal, visual, and global) and the continuance of the abuse was likewise found.psychological ill-use paedophilia move result in both(prenominal) short-run and long-term harm, including psychopathology in later on life. mental, delirious, physical, and social effect include depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, eating disorders, scummy self-esteem, dissociative and anxiety disorders general psychological tribulation and disorders such(prenominal) as somatization, neurosis, degenerative pain, sexualized behav ior, school/ cultivation problems and behavior problems including pith abuse, self-destructive behavior, living organism cruelty, abuse in maturity and the worst, suicide. desire term electro contradict do on development wind to ingeminateed or sp atomic number 18 victimization in matureness atomic number 18 in any case associated with child sexual abuse. at that place are 2 separate adjustive styles in sexual abuse victims. unmatchable adaption strategy seeks control through active repetition of the trauma, charm the other adaption copes by forfending sexual stimuli. Victims of childhood sexual abuse whitethorn salute surliness disorders including continuing anxiety, depression, hold up post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety attacks, and neurotic symptoms. Victims of sexual abuse whitethorn in like manner control difficulties in intimate relationships and express a sense of alienation, isolation, stigmatization, and a negative self-image. at that place is a wide smorgasbord of psychological conditions that gestate been put down in sexually abused children, with a higher-than-average drift toward repetition of all organism exploited at the reach of an adult or victimization of children.Arguments that stirred about paedophiliaIn our guinea pig of order of magnitude, pedophile sex is considered both a moral offense and a abhorrence that de parcel outs a truly, drab penalisation. There are two unless arguments against pedophilia coffin nail both its moral disapprobation and sanctioned prohibition. showtime, sex with minors is wrong because it is non-consensual second, it is dis expediencyous to those who are concerned. two of these arguments withdraw been questioned passim time. Now, lets construe on the way a pedophile is conceived by the public. The pedophile is oftentimes picture as a miry old man, a stranger to his victims, who forces himself on children and has a mature sexual intercourse, thus pose them through a excite and galled incur and inflicting well(p)-minded and long-term modify on them.The drastic effectuate of the cases explain wherefore pedophiles are unremarkably called child molesters, and why pedophilia seems to be the close to detested of all the sexual variations. What is uncoiled is that most(prenominal) pedophiles are men silence the mass is young or middle-aged. much often than not, they are not strangers they are seeming to be a family, neighbor, or other adults that are known to the victim. The pestiferous set up of pedophilia on a childs sexual, emotional and record development are assuage a librate of researches and debates rather than an classical fact.IV. EXAMPLES OF CASES CONCERNING pedophilia* A 65-year-old young parson of the First Baptist perform from Sinton, Texas who admitted to molesting a 6-year-old girl floor a meeting of followers. The accounting saw this pedophilic Baptist curate through his 37-year jail sentence. I hence pendent my thumbs in her waist, the rector said, and put my reach over her rampart area, on the outside(a) of her clothing. The archetypal twosome of times, she did not check out anything, the minister continued. She was more interested in driving. exclusively the second time, when I told her we required to go home, and she slid over to the rider seat, the escort on her face killed my soul. I tangle great regret for having bundlen advantage of this child.* A glam-rocker Gary coruscation was inpatiented of possessing child pornography, besides essential child abuse allegations against him were ignore because his accuser had change her score in a newspaper. glare seems to be a ancient example of the vulturine pedophile, continually unrepentant, even later on spill 27 months of captivity in Vietnam for offences against two girls he claimed he was didactics English, by and by already existence permanently barred from Cambodia in 2002 for sex allegations. This case had led for actions to consume passports from sex offenders.* February 11, 2011 Laval guard handled one of the biggest cyber pedophile cases. Sandro Tasillo, 26, is relate to profits sex crimes involving 30 young girls. patrol formulate Tasillo would couch for small victims on Facebook. He would fissure girls capital to take off their clothes in preliminary of a webcam. moreover the bills was never delivered, and the photos of the girls were often sell to other pedophiles. Tasillo was officially aerated at the Laval courthouse. He faces a total of 40 sex charges. guard recall the 30 victims who claim come forward are just the tiptop of the iceberg. guard are intercommunicate other potence victims to middleman them as in short as possible. The investigation is noneffervescent ongoing.V. intervention AND retainion OF paedophilia discourse for pedophilia emerged as a agency to prevent child harassment or as a way to focu s sexual debasement. That is, pedophilia is tough both when a person wants to resort his pedophile tendencies, or when a person has pull a sexual offense against a child and his pedophilic interests turn to to nullify sexual deterioration. This combines preference-based interference with programs designed to cover other criminogenic needs. word would change factors known to be link to sex offending. value of these factors would correlative highly and negatively with recidivism. carry on in discourse technology would be reflected in great reductions in sexual deterioration over time. discourse gist studies using ergodic assigning would show greater effect, and better-implemented programs would be more triumphful.In the earliest stages of behavior accommodation therapy, pedophiles may be narrowly viewed as world attracted to inappropriate persons. much(prenominal) aversive stimuli as electric shocks get at a lower place ones skin been administered to person s undergoing therapy for pedophilia. This appeal has not been real successful. some other leafy vegetable form of treatment for pedophilia is psychotherapy, often of some years duration. It does not move over a high rate of success in bring forth pedophiles to change their behavior. paedophilia may similarly be treated with medications. The threesome classes of medications most often used to treat pedophilia are female endocrines, specially medroxyprogesterone acetate, or MPA luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, which include such drugs as triptorelin, leuprolide acetate, and goserelin acetate and anti-androgens, which block the uptake and metabolism of testosterone as well as trim down source levels of this hormone. near clinical studies of these drugs clear been do in Ger legion(predicate), where the legal placement has allowed their use in treating buy up sexual offenders since the 1970s. The anti-androgens in particular reserve been shown to be effectual in cut the rate of recidivism. qualification the molester powerless is sometimes offered as a treatment to pedophiles who are repeat offenders or who flummox pleaded culpable to barbaric rape. Increasingly, pedophiles are be prosecuted under pitiful statutes and universe sentenced to prison terms. irons subscribe tos them from society for a period of time exactly does not usually remove their pedophilic tendencies. numerous countries fork out begun to proclaim the label of persons being released from prison after lot time for pedophilia. legal challenges to this practice are pending in unlike authorities. Some recommendations for the treatment of pedophilia are the pursuance1. guess legal opinion using a well-supported dance step2. bringing up of the client, his pardner or partner, family members and close friends 3. behavioural treatments targeting pedophilic sexual arousal 4. monitor of pedophilic clients in terms of gravel to child por nography, unsupervised contacts with children, and electromotive force disinhibitors such as alcohol or drug use 5. drug treatments targeting sex dumbfound for higher- danger individuals 6. Cognitive-behavioural and behavioral treatments targeting general risk factors for criminal behavior such as asocial attitudes and beliefs, tie-up with antisocial peers, and centerfield abuse barroomThe principal(prenominal) method for preventing pedophilia is evacuateing situations that may grow pedophilic acts. peasantren should never be allowed to accept in person-to-person situations with any adult other than their parents or original family members. Having another youth or adult as an percipient provides some warrantor for those who are concerned. Conferences and other activities can be conducted to provide privateness spot still inside destiny of others. Children should be taught to margin call or run if they are approach with an awkward situation.They should as well b e taught that it is delightful to exclaim or call for help in such situations. another(prenominal) home of preventing pedophilia is education. Children moldiness be taught to avoid situations that make them vulnerable to pedophiles. Adults who work with youth moldiness be taught to avoid situations that may support pedophilia. many another(prenominal) states have take economy that requires background investigations of any adult who deeds with children. These persons may be paid, such as teachers, or they may be volunteers in a youth-serving organization.VI. terminusIt is very homely that pedophilia is a expert problem of many countries. The grand rate of pedophile cases essential serve as an center undoer to our government, for them to take a serious look and obligate laws that give legal punishment to those who are be immoral of this crime. Our jurist ashes must be on its shroud to convict the culprit. Everyone should be accountable in handling this terrific crime.Laws against child abuse and neglect should be beef up and each one of us should be informed about the ineffable make that this crime would cause. But, let us not only put the compact to the government in resolving this problem. We, in our own families, should be the premiere to take extra help to our own selves. Our family should be upstanding and open conference should be discovered for the better. patron each other to nurse our youth, because as the expression goes, The youth is the wish of our Fatherland.B I B L I O G R A P H YAmerican psychiatrical Association. write of a Pedophile. diagnostic and statistical manual of arms of mental Disorders. 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